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Class 8 Social Science (History, Geography, Civics) – Chapter-wise Notes

Class 8 Social Science Notes


Geography

  1. Resources

    • Types of resources
    • Importance and conservation of resources
  2. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation, and Wildlife Resources

    • Distribution and conservation of land and soil
    • Sustainable use of water resources
    • Conservation of natural vegetation and wildlife
  3. Agriculture

    • Types of farming
    • Major crops and agricultural practices
  4. Industries

    • Classification and location of industries
    • Major industrial regions
  5. Human Resources

    • Importance of human resources
    • Population distribution and composition

Civics

Unit One: The Indian Constitution and Secularism

  1. The Indian Constitution

    • Purpose and key features of the Indian Constitution
    • Fundamental Rights and Duties
  2. Understanding Secularism

    • Importance of secularism in India
    • Indian vs. global secularism

Unit Two: Parliament and the Making of Laws

    • Role and structure of the Indian Parliament
    • Law-making process and public participation

Unit Three: The Judiciary

    • Role and independence of the judiciary
    • Structure of courts in India

Unit Four: Social Justice and the Marginalised

  1. Understanding Marginalisation

    • Marginalised communities and their challenges
    • Importance of social justice
  2. Confronting Marginalisation

    • Government policies and laws for marginalized groups
    • Case studies on social upliftment

Unit Five: Economic Presence of the Government

  1. Public Facilities

    • Role of the government in providing public services
    • Challenges in accessing public facilities
  2. Law and Social Justice

    • Laws to ensure social and economic justice
    • Examples of government intervention

History

  1. Introduction: How, When, and Where

    • Understanding the significance of history
    • Concepts of dates, events, and historical sources
  2. From Trade to Territory: The Company Establishes Power

    • Rise of the East India Company
    • Expansion of British control in India
  3. Ruling the Countryside

    • British policies and land revenue systems
    • Impact on farmers and peasants
  4. Tribals, Dikus, and the Vision of a Golden Age

    • Life and struggles of tribal communities
    • Tribal revolts and resistance
  5. When People Revolt: 1857 and After

    • Causes and key events of the 1857 Revolt
    • Leaders and consequences of the uprising
  6. Civilising the “Native,” Educating the Nation

    • British educational policies in India
    • Indian response and reformers
  7. Women, Caste, and Reform

    • Social conditions of women and lower castes
    • Key reform movements for social equality
  8. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

    • Emergence of nationalism in India
    • Role of the Indian National Congress and major independence movements


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