Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry – Chemistry In Everyday Life

  

Important Questions for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry – Chemistry In Everyday Life

2015 – Value Based Questions [4 Marks]

Question 1:
Mamta, a housewife lives in Sonepat (Haryana). The tap water she gets is rich in dissolved salts. She uses ordinary washing soap for washing clothes and she finds that soaps are not very effective in cleaning her clothes. One of her neighbours, Shilpa is a student of science. Shilpa suggested to her to use synthetic detergents for washing clothes. 
Answer the following questions:

1. As a science student, why did Shilpa suggest to Mamta to use synthetic detergent?
2. Give one chemical reaction to justify not using ordinary soap.
3.  What were the values associated with the above decision?

Answer :

1.  Synthetic detergents work wrell even in hard water.
2.  2C17H35COONa + Ca2+ > Ca(COOC17H35)2 + 2Na+
3.  Helping nature, social concern, general awareness, use of knowledge of chemistry are the values associated with the above decision.

Question 2:
Mr. Roy, the principal of a reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals to discuss the serious issue of diabetes and depression in students. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning the junk food in schools and to introduce healthy snacks and drinks’like soup, lassi, milk, etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour physical activities for the students in the morning assembly daily. After six months, Mr. Roy conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following:

1. What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Roy?
2. As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
3.  What are tranquilizers? Give an example.
4.  Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?

Answer :

1. Mr. Roy is concerned about the health of people. He is helpful and focused person and knows how to achieve his goal.
2.  It will be done through posters on notice board of school as well as discussion in meeting with members of resident welfare associations of various colonies.
3.  Tranquilizers are those drugs which are used to treat depression and anxiety and produce a feeling of well being, e.g. equanil.
4.  It is unstable at cooking temperature.

Question 3:
Seeing the growing cases of diabetes and depression among young children, Mr. Chopra, the principal of one reputed school organized a seminar in which he invited parents and principals. They all resolved this issue by strictly banning junk food in schools and introducing healthy snacks and drinks like soup, lassi, milk, etc. in school canteens. They also decided to make compulsory half an hour of daily physical activities for the students in the morning assembly. After six months, Mr. Chopra conducted the health survey in most of the schools and discovered a tremendous improvement in the health of the students.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:

1. What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Chopra?
2. As a student, how can you spread awareness about this issue?
3. Why should antidepressant drugs not be taken without consulting a doctor?
4.  Give two examples of artificial sweeteners.

Answer :

1. ● Mr. Chopra is genuinely concerned about the health of students and other people.
   ● He has done positive efforts to improve the health of people. He is focused person to achieve his goal
2. ● By putting posters on school notice boards.
   ● By discussing in meetings of parents as well as in resident welfare associations in various localities.
3. It is because these are habit forming (cause addiction) and their proper dose, duration must be decided by doctor as these can be fatal if taken in excess.
4. Alitame, Aspartame and Sucralose

2014 – Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]

Question 4:

1. Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
2.  What are antiseptics? Give an example.
3. Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and soft drinks?

Answer :
(i)Proteins (enzymes) and carbohydrates are macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
(ii)Antiseptics are those chemicals which kill or prevent the growth of micro¬organisms on living tissues, such as wounds, cuts, ulcers, e.g. Dettol.
(iii)It is because aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature.

Question 5:
(i)Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.
(ii)What are antibiotics? Give an example.
(iii)Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
Answer :
(i)Sucralose
(ii)Antibiotics are those drugs which are prepared from micro-organisms and used to kill micro-organisms, e.g. chloramphenicol.
(iii)Proteins (enzymes) and lipids are macromolecules which act as drug targets.

Question 6:
(i)What are disinfectants? Give an example.
(ii)Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
(iii)What are disinfectants? Give an example.
Answer :
(i)Disinfectants are chemicals which kill micro-organisms in drains, sick rooms, etc., e.g. 29c solution of phenol. These are not applied to living tissues.
(ii)Proteins (enzymes) and lipids.
(iii)Those detergents w hich have large anion groups are called anionic detergents.
These are sodium salts of sulphonic acids of long hydrocarbon chain, e.g. CH3(CH2)10CH2OSO3-Na+.

Question 7:
(i) Define Antihistamine with an example.
(ii) Which one of the following drugs is an antibiotic:
Morphine, Equanil, Chloramphenicol, Aspirin
(iii) Why is use of aspartame limited to cold food and drink?
Answer :
(i) Those drugs which counteract the effect of histamines causing allergy are called antihistamines, e.g. Ranitidine, Avil.
(ii) Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic.
(iii) Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, therefore, its use is limited to cold food and drink.

Value Based Questions [4 Marks]

Question 8:
On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a ‘health camp’ for the poor farmers living in a nearby village. After check-up, he was shocked to see that most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of superspeciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India.
(i) Write the values shown by
(a) Dr. Satpal
(b) NHRC.
(ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pain of terminal cancer?
(iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients.
Answer :
(i) (a) Dr. Satpal is a kind person and concerned about the health of poor farmers.
(b) NHRC is doing good job to help people to get proper health care.
(ii) Narcotic Analgesics like morphine are used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer.
(iii )Sucralose.

2013

Short Answer Type Questions[II] [3 Marks]

Question 9:
(a)Which one of the following is a food preservative?
Equanil, Morphine, Sodium benzoate
(b)Why is bithional added to soap?
(c)Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
Answer :
(a)Sodium benzoate is a preservative.
(b)It acts as an antiseptic.
(c)Tranquilizers are used in sleeping pills. These are also called hypnotics.

Question 10:
(i)What class of drug is Ranitidine?
(ii)If water contains dissolved Ca2+ ions, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which will you use for cleaning clothes?
(iii)Which of the following is an antiseptic?
0.2% phenol, 1% phenol
Answer :
(i)It is an antacid and treats hyperacidity.
(ii)Synthetic detergent because synthetic detergents work well even with hard ‘water containing Ca2+ ions.
(iii)0.2% phenol is used as antiseptic because it does not harm the tissues, whereas 1% phenol is used as disinfectant because it is harmful for tissues.

Value Based Question [4 Marks]

Question 11:
Mr. Naresh works in a multinational company. He is stressed due to his hectic schedule. Mr. Amit, his friend, comes to know that he has started taking sleeping pills without consulting the doctor. Mr. Amit requests ‘ Naresh to stop this practice and takes him to a Yoga centre. With regular Yoga sessions, Mr. Naresh is now a happy and relaxed man. ‘
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions:
(i) Write the values shown by Mr. Amit.
(ii) Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?
(iii) Why is it not advisable to take sleeping pills without consultation with the doctor?
Answer :
(i) Mr. Amit is kind person who helps his friend in need. He is a true friend,
(ii) Hypnotics (Tranquilizers) are used in sleeping pills.
(iii These drugs are habit-forming, affect nervous system and interfere with natural sleep. They may harm our body.

2012 – Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Question 12:
What is the cause of a feeling of depression in human beings? Name a drug which can be useful in treating this depression.
Answer :
If level of noradrenaline is low then signal sending activity is low. It leads to depression. These drugs inhibit enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline which is neurotrans-mitter and thus, counteract the effect of depression. Chlordiazepoxide and meprobamate are mild tranquilizers suitable for relieving tension. Equanil is used in controlling depression and hypertension.

Question 13:
What is meant by ‘narrow spectrum antibiotics’?
Answer :
Those antibiotics which are effective against only particular micro-organism are called narrow spectrum antibiotics.

Question 14:
State a reason of the following statements:
(i) Soap do not work in hard water.
(ii) The use of the sweetener aspartame is limited to cold foods and drinks.
Answer :
(i) It is because soaps react with Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in hard water to form scum.
(ii) It is because aspartame is unstable at high temperature.

Question 15:
Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics.
Answer :
Antiseptics do not harm tissues, whereas disinfectants are harmful for tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic, whereas 2% is disinfectant.

Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 Marks]

Question 16:
Explain the following terms giving one example for each:
(i) Micelles
(ii) Aerosols
Answer :
(i) Soaps and detergents form aggregated molecular ions called micelles
(ii) Aerosols: When solid or liquid is dispersed in air, the colloidal solution are called aerosols.

Question 17:
Explain the cleaning action of soap. Why do soaps not work in hard water?
Answer :
Soap has hydrocarbon part which is hydrophobic and attracts dirt, grease, oil, etc., whereas hydrophilic part —COONa attracts water which takes away oil, dirt and grease.
Soaps do not work in hard water because Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in hard water react with soap to form calcium and magnesium salts of fatty acids which are insoluble in water and form scum.

Question 18:
What are food preservatives? Name two such substances.
Answer :
Food preservatives: Those chemicals which prevent undesirable changes in flavour, colour, texture and appetitic appeal during storage are called preservatives. They delay these changes and prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth. The most common preservative is sodium benzoate, C6H5COONa. The salts of propanoic acid and sorbic acid are also used as preservatives.

Question 19:
Differentiate between disinfectants and antiseptics. Give one example of each group.
Answer :
Antiseptics do not harm tissues, whereas disinfectants are harmful for tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic, whereas 2% is disinfectant.

Question 20:
State a reason of the following statement:
(i) Soap do not work in hard water.
(ii) The use of the sweetener aspartame is limited to cold foods and drinks.
Answer :
(i) It is because soap react with Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in hard water to from scum.
(ii)Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature.

Question 21:
What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents ? Give one example of each.
Answer :
Biodegradable detergents are those which are decomposed by micro-organisms like bacteria into harmless products. They do not create water pollution. Detergents having linear alkyl chains are biodegradable. Non-biodegradable detergents are those which are not decomposed by micro¬organisms. They create water pollution. For example, n-lauryl sulphonate is biodegradable, whereas detergent with branched chains are non-biodegradable.

Question 22:
Explain the following terms giving one example of each type:
(i) Tranquilizers

(ii) Synthetic detergents
(iii) Food preservatives
Answer :
(i) Tranquilizers: Those drugs which reduce anxiety and produce a feeling of well being, e.g. Equanil, seconal, etc.
(ii) Synthetic detergents (Anionic) are sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids of benzene and hydrocarbons of alkene type. Cationic detergents are bromides or acetate of quarternary ammonium salts of tertiary amines.
(iii) Food Preservatives: Those chemicals which prevent undesirable changes in flavour, colour, texture and appetitic appeal during storage are called preservatives. They delay these changes and prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth. The most common preservative is sodium benzoate, CTTCOONa.

Question 23:
Explain the following terms giving one example of each type:
(i) Antacids
(ii) Disinfectants
(iii) Enzymes
Answer :
(i) Antacids: Substances which remove the excess acid and raise the pH to appropriate level in stomach are called antacids, e.g. Milk of Magnesia [Mg(OH)2], Ranitidine (Zantac), etc.
(ii) Those chemical which kill micro-organisms in drains, sick rooms and are harmful for tissues are called disinfectant, e.g. KMn04.
(iii) Enzymes: They are biological catalyst which catalyse bio chemical reactions, e.g. urease.

2o11 – Very Short Answer Type Question [1 Mark]

Question 24:
What is meant by a ‘broad spectrum antibiotic’?
Answer :
Those antibiotics which are effective for large number of micro-organisms are called ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’.

Question 25:
What are antiseptics? Give an example.
Answer :
Those compounds which kill or supress the growth of micro-organisms and are harmful for tissues are called antiseptics, e.g. dettol.

Question 26:
State the reason in each of the following cases:
(i) Soaps do not work well in hard water.
(ii) Synthetic detergents are better than soaps.
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.20 (i).
(ii) Synthetic detergents work well even with hard water, therefore, they are more effective than soaps.

Question 27:
Explain the following terms giving an example of each:
(i) Antacids
(ii) Sweetening agents
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.23 (i).
(ii) Sweetening agent: Those substances which do not add calories are called sweetening agents, e.g. alitame.

Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks]

Question 28:
(a) Differentiate between disinfectant and an antiseptic. Give one example of each.
(b) What is tincture of iodine and what is it used for?
Answer :
(a) Refer Ans. to Q. 19.
(b) It is iodine dissolved in alcohol. It is used as an antiseptic.

Question 29:
What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.
Answer :
Refer Ans. to Q.21.

Question 30:
Mention the action of the following on the human body in bringing relief from a disease.
(i) Brompheniramine
(ii) Aspirin
(iii) Equanil
Answer :
(i)Brompheniramine is antihistamine. It gives relief from allergy.
(ii) Aspirin is analgesic and antipyretic (pain reliever). It also acts as blood thinner.
(iii) Equanil helps in treatment of depression.

Question 31:
What are the following substances? Give one example of each:
(i) Food preservatives
(ii) Synthetic detergents
(iii) Antacids
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.22 {iii).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.22 (ii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.23 (i).

Question 32:
Describe the following giving one example for each:
(i) Detergents
(ii) Food preservatives
(iii) Antacids
Answer :
(i) Detergents: They are sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids, e.g. sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate.
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.22 (iii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.23 (i).

Question 33:
Explain the following terms with one suitable example for each:
(i) A sweetening agent for diabetic person
(ii) Enzymes
(iii) Analgesics
Answer :
(i) Those chemicals which do not add calories and do not increase blood glucose are called artificial sweetening agent, e.g. sucralose.
(ii) Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalyst which catalyse biochemical reactions, e.g. invertase catalyses hydrolysis of sugar (sucrose).
(iii) Analgesics: Those drugs which give relief from pain, e.g. Aspirin.

Question 34:
Answer the following questions
(i) Why do soaps not work in hard water?
(ii) What are the main constituents of dettol?
(iii) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.20 (i).
(ii) Dettol contains chloroxylenol and Terpineol.
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q. 19.

Question 35:
Explain the following terms with one example in each case:
(i) Food preservatives
(ii) Enzymes
(iii) Detergents
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.22 (iii).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.33 (ii)
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.32 (i).

2010 – Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Question 36:
Define the following and give one example:
Tranquilizers
Answer :
Tranquilizers: Those drugs which reduce anxiety and produce a feeling of well being, e.g. Equanil, seconal, etc.

Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 Marks]

Question 37:
Explain the following terms with an example for each:
(i) Antifertility drugs

(ii) Antibiotics
Answer :
(i) Antifertility drugs: Those drugs which control the birth of the child are called antifertility drugs, e.g. mifepristone, progesterone.
(ii) Antibiotics: Those drugs which kill or prevent the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms are called antibiotics, e.g. Streptomyyip.

Question 38:
Name a broad spectrum antibiotic and state two diseases for which it is prescribed.
Answer :
Chloramphenicol which is used in both typhoid and meningitis.

Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks]

Question 39:
Explain the following terms with an example for each:
(i) Antifertility drugs
(ii) Antibiotics
(iii) Antiseptics
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.37 (i).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.37 (ii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.25.

Question 40:
What are analgesic medicines? How are they classified and when are they commonly recommended for use?
Answer :
Those drugs which give relief from pain are called analgesic medicines. They are classified into non-narcotics and narcotics.
Non-narcotics: They do not cause addiction, are not habit forming, e.g. aspirin. They give relief from pain.
Narcotics: They also give relief from pain but they are habit forming, therefore, given only in case of acute pain but not regularly, e.g. morphine is given in case of accident or cancer patients having acute pain.

Question 41:
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Name a substance that can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant.
Answer :
Antiseptics: These are chemicals which kill or prevent the growth of micro¬organisms. They are applied to living tissues. ;
Disinfectants: They kill micro-organisms but are not safe for contact with living tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic, whereas 2% solution of phenol is disinfectant.

Question 42:
(a)Define the term ‘Chemotherapy’.
(b)While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?
Answer :
(a)Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is the science in which chemicals are used in the treatment of diseases due to bacterial invasion. These chemicals destroy the micro-organisms without affecting to any material extent, the tissues (of the host).
(b)The antacids prevent the interaction of histamine with receptors present in stomach wall which results in lesser amount of acid. Antacids and anti¬allergic drugs have different receptors, therefore, they do not interfere with the function of each other.

Question 43:
Explain the following terms with one suitable example in each case
(i)Cationic detergents
(ii)Enzymes
(iii)Antifertility drugs
Answer :
Cationic detergents: These are mosdy acetates or chlorides or bromides of quarternary ammonium salts. They are more expensive, therefore, used to limited extent. Such detergents possess germicidal properties and are used extensively as germicides, e.g. cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride [CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3]+C1~ is a cationic detergent.
(ii)Refer Ans. to Q.33 (ii)
(iii)Refer Ans. to Q.37 (i)

Question 44:
What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each. Is there any structural difference between the two?
Answer :
Refer Ans. to Q.21.

2009 – Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Question 45:
Write the name of an antacid which is often used as a medicine.
Answer :
Ranitidine or NaHC03 or a mixture of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 is used as antacid.

Question 46:
What is meant by ‘broad spectrum antibiotics’?
Answer :
Refer Ans. to Q.24.

Short Answer Type Questions [I] [2 Marks]

Question 47:
Describe the following substances with one suitable example of each type:
(i) Non-ionic detergents
(ii) Disinfectants
Answer :

Question 48:
State reasons for the following occurrences:
(i) Soaps do not do the cleansing in hard water.
(ii) Synthetic detergents are preferred to soaps in washing machines.
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.20 (i).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.26 (ii).

Short Answer Type Questions [II] [3 Marks]

Question 49:
Describe the following substances with one suitable example of each type:
(i) Non-ionic detergents
(ii) Disinfectants
(iii) Food preservatives
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.47 (i).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.23 (ii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.22 (in).

Question 50:
Explain the following types of substances with one suitable example, for each case:
(i) Cationic detergents.
(ii) Food preservatives.
(iii) Analgesics.
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.43 (i).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.22 (iii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.33, (iii).

Question 51:
How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each type.
Answer :
Refer Ans. to Q.19.

Question 52:
What are the following substances? Give one example of each type
(i) Antacid
(ii) Non-ionic detergents
(iii) Antiseptics
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.23(t).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.47 (i).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.25.

Question 53:
What are the following substances? Give one example of each of them:
(i) Cationic detergents
(ii) Enzymes
(iii) Sweetening agents
Answer :
(i) Refer Ans. to Q.43 (i).
(ii) Refer Ans. to Q.33 (ii).
(iii) Refer Ans. to Q.27 (ii).