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CBSE Class 8 English Grammar Verb

 

CBSE Class 8 English Grammar Verb

1. Verb. The verb is a word that expresses some action, feeling or existence. It tells us something about the subject ; as
Lions roar. (action)
Boys fly kites. (action)
I feel sorry. (feeling)
Ashoka was a great king. (existence)

2. All the verbs (shown above in black) ‘roar’, ‘fly’, ‘feel’, and ‘was’, are limited by the number and person of their subjects. Therefore, ‘roar’, ‘fly’, ‘feel’, and ‘was’, are Main Verbs—main verbs are also called Finite Verbs.

3. Verbs are divided in two parts:
A. Main Verbs (also called lexical verbs)
B. Helping Verbs (Auxiliaries—Primary and Morals)
All verbs in English except the 24 helping verbs are main verbs. Look at the chart below :
CBSE Class 8 English Grammar Verb

I. Main Verbs

Main Verbs are also of two kinds :
(a) Finite verbs
(b) Non-finite verbs
Finite verbs change their forms according to the person and number of the subject and the tense also, e.g.

He readsI read
They readShe goes
I go
They go

Non-finite verbs do not change their forms according to the number, person or tense of the subject. The infinitives, gerunds and participles are called non-Jinites.

4. Read the following sentences :
Lata sang a song.
I wrote a letter.
Children like sweets.
In each of these sentences the verb takes an object. ‘Song’, ‘letter’ and ‘sweets’ are objects. A verb that takes an object is called a Transitive Verb. The object usually answers the question what ? Or whom ?
Now look at the following sentences :
Birds fly.
The sun shines.
These verbs do not require objects. They express the actions by themselves and make the sense complete. They are called Intransitive Verbs. Some Verbs can be used both Transitively and Intransitively.

Verbs Used IntransitivelyVerbs Used Transitively
1. Birds flyBoys jly kites
2. The horse runs fastI ran a race

Exercise

Pick out the Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in the following sentences. Name the Object of each Transitive Verb :
1. I killed a snake.
2. The ship sank.
3. She jumped into the well.
4. She spoke slowly.
5. The sun rose in the East.
6. 1 broke the plates.
7. The play lasted an hour.
8. This pen costs five rupees

II. The Conjugation Of Verbs

To Conjugate a Verb means to give its four Principal forms :

PresentPast
Past ParticiplePresent Participle

If the Past or Past Participle is formed from the Present Tense by changing the Vowel of a Verb ; as—
Take, took, taken and do, did, done the Verb is said to be a Strong Verb.
If the Verb requires the addition of ‘ed\ ‘d’ or ‘f to form their Past and Past Participles, they are called Weak Verbs ; as—
Finish, finished, finished ; die, died, died and build, built, built.

Group I
(Where no ‘n’ is added to the Past Participle)

PresentPastPast ParticiplePresent Participle
Abideabodeabodeabiding
Awakeawokeawokeawaking
Becomebecamebecomebecoming
Beginbeganbegunbeginning
Digdugdugdigging
Drinkdrankdrunkdrinking
Fightfoughtfoughtfighting
Findfoundfoundfinding
Holdheldheldholding
Lieliedliedlying
Ringrangrungringing
Runranrunrunning
Shineshoneshoneshining
Singsangsungsinging
Sitsatsatsitting
Standstoodstoodstanding
Swimswamswumswimming
Winwonwonwinning
Windwoundwoundwinding

Group II
(Where ‘n’ is added to the Past Participle)

PresentPastPast ParticiplePresent Participle
Arisearosearisenarising
Bearborebornbearing
Bearborebornebearing
Bidbadebiddenbidding
Blowblewblownblowing
Breakbrokebrokenbreaking
Choosechosechosenchoosing
Drawdrewdrawndrawing
Drivedrovedrivendriving
Fallfellfallenfalling
Flyflewflownflying
Forgetforgotforgottenforgetting
Freezefrozefrozenfreezing
Growgrewgrowngrowing
Hidehidhiddenhiding
Knowknewknownknowing
Lielaylainlying
Rideroderiddenriding
Shakeshookshakenshaking
Sinksanksunk, sunkensinking
Speakspokespokenspeaking
Stealstolestolenstealing
Strikestruckstruck, strickenstriking
Teartoretomtearing
Throwthrewthrownthrowing
Wakewaked, wokewaked, wokenwaking
Wearworewornwearing
WritewrotewrittenwritingNote: Since the Present Participle is only the—ing form of the Present, we are giving below only the first three forms.

Group III—Mixed Verbs
(Partly Strong and Partly Weak)

PresentPastPast Participle
Beatbeatbeaten
Dodiddone
Hanghung, hangedhung, hanged
Meltmeltedmelted, molten
Sewsewedsewn
Shaveshavedshaved, shaven
Showshowedshown

Group IV
(Conjugation of Weak Verbs)

PresentPastPast Participle
Bendbentbent
Bringbroughtbrought
Buildbuiltbuilt
Bumburned, burntburned, burnt
Catchcaughtcaught
Dealdealtdealt
Dreamdreameddreamed
dreamt1 dreamt
Feedfedfed
Feelfeltfelt
Havehadhad
Hearheardheard
Kneelkneltknelt
Laylaidlaid
Leadledled
Leaveleftleft
Lendlentlent
Lightlighted, litlighted, lit
Loselostlost
Makemademade
Meanmeantmeant
Saysaidsaid
Seeksoughtsought
Sendsentsent
Sleepsleptslept
Smellsmeltsmelt
Spellspelled, speltspelled, spelt
Spendspentspent
Staystayedstayed
Teachtaughttaught
Wedwedded, wedwedded, wed
Weepweptwept

Exceptions

PresentPastPast Participle
Cleavecleftcleft
Havehadhad
Hearheardheard
Layf laidJ laid
Leave1 leftlleft
Loselostlost
Makemademade
Measuremeasuredmeasured
Paypaidpaid

The Present, Past and Past Participle forms of the following weak Verbs are alike:

CastCutHit
HurtLetPut
SetShedShut
Spread

The Present, Past and Past Participle forms of the following weak Verbs are alike :

comecamecome
runranrun

Mark the difference between the following Pairs of Verbs :

PresentPastPast Participle
1.Fallfellfallen
Fellfelledfelled
2.Findfoundfound
Foundfoundedfounded
3.Lielaylain
Lieliedlied
Laylaidlaid

Exercise

Give the Past and Past Participle forms of the following Verbs :
(a) Speak lie catch do have fall hang go
draw grow write take sit sing know.
(b) Meet wring weave spring beat hear seek teach
lose smell tell weep shoot put win.

Multiple Choice Questions

Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using one of the options from the brackets :
1. Birds are ………. (fly/flied/flying/flew) in the sky.
2. The play …………. (last/lasted/lost/lasting) an hour.
3. The man was …………. (hang/hung/hanged/hanging) for his crime.
4. As long as he lived, he always ………….. (abide/abiding/abided/obey) by the law.
Answers:
1. flying
2. lasted
3. hanged
4. abided

Exercise 2
The underlined words in the following sentences have been wrongly used. Supply the correct word/words from the options given below each sentence :
Question 1.
After he got a job, he start to live well.
(a) begin
(b) began
(c) begun
(d) beginning song so well.

Question 2.
Do you hear ? The child is
(a) sing
(b) sang
(c) sung
(d) singing great politician.

Question 3.
Mrs. Gandhi is know as a
(a) knowing
(b) knew
(c) known
(d) call

Question 4.
He had his car steal.
(a) stole
(b) stolen
(c) stealing
(d) thief

Answers
1. (b) begin
2 .(d) singing
3. (c) known
4. (b) stolen

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